First trimester of pregnancy ( II )

• Constipation. Constipation may occur throughout pregnancy, but it is often worst in the first 13 to 14 weeks. A number of factors may contribute to constipation during pregnancy, including an increase in the hormone progesterone, which slows the digestive process. Additional pressure on the bowel and increased absorption of water by the colon may also be to blame. The increased amount of required iron found in prenatal vitamins may also contribute to constipation. Women may benefit from drinking eight to ten glasses of water each day and increasing their fiber intake. Pregnant women should contact their ObGyn when they experience constipation leading to more than two days between bowel movements.

• Headaches. Many women experience headaches during pregnancy, especially during the first and third trimesters. Although their cause is uncertain, headaches during early pregnancy are most likely due to changes in hormone levels and increases in blood volume and circulation. Headaches experienced during the third trimester may be the result of carrying extra weight. Women experiencing a severe persistent headache should contact their physician immediately, especially when dizziness, faintness, nausea or vomiting are also present.

• Acne. Elevated hormone levels can cause glands to secrete more oil. As a result, acne may develop or worsen. Some women, however, experience an improvement in their acne.There are many developments of the fetus during early pregnancy, and by the end of the first trimester the fetus is about 3 inches (76 millimeters) long and weighs about half an ounce (14 grams). The eyes and ears move into their correct positions and the kidneys begin to secrete urine into the bladder. Although an expectant mother is unable to feel the baby move at this point, it does begin to move in response to pushing on the abdomen.